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**metagWGS** is a [Nextflow](https://www.nextflow.io/docs/latest/index.html#) bioinformatics analysis pipeline used for **metag**enomic **W**hole **G**enome **S**hotgun sequencing data (Illumina HiSeq3000 or NovaSeq, paired, 2\*150bp).
The workflow processes raw data from `.fastq` or `.fastq.gz` inputs and do the modules represented into this figure:
metagWGS is splitted into different steps that correspond to different parts of the bioinformatics analysis:
* trims adapters sequences and deletes low quality reads ([Cutadapt](https://cutadapt.readthedocs.io/en/stable/#), [Sickle](https://github.com/najoshi/sickle))
* suppresses host contaminants ([BWA](http://bio-bwa.sourceforge.net/) + [Samtools](http://www.htslib.org/) + [Bedtools](https://bedtools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/))
* controls the quality of raw and cleaned data ([FastQC](https://www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk/projects/fastqc/))
* makes a taxonomic classification of cleaned reads ([Kaiju MEM](https://github.com/bioinformatics-centre/kaiju) + [kronaTools](https://github.com/marbl/Krona/wiki/KronaTools) + [Generate_barplot_kaiju.py](https://forgemia.inra.fr/genotoul-bioinfo/metagwgs/-/blob/master/bin/Generate_barplot_kaiju.py) + [merge_kaiju_results.py](https://forgemia.inra.fr/genotoul-bioinfo/metagwgs/-/blob/master/bin/merge_kaiju_results.py))
* assembles cleaned reads (combined with `01_clean_qc` step) or raw reads (combined with `--skip_01_clean_qc` parameter) ([metaSPAdes](https://github.com/ablab/spades) or [Megahit](https://github.com/voutcn/megahit))
* assesses the quality of assembly ([metaQUAST](http://quast.sourceforge.net/metaquast))
* deduplicates cleaned reads (combined with `01_clean_qc` step) or raw reads (combined with `--skip_01_clean_qc` parameter) ([BWA](http://bio-bwa.sourceforge.net/) + [Samtools](http://www.htslib.org/) + [Bedtools](https://bedtools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/))
* filters contigs with low CPM value ([Filter_contig_per_cpm.py](https://forgemia.inra.fr/genotoul-bioinfo/metagwgs/-/blob/master/bin/Filter_contig_per_cpm.py) + [metaQUAST](http://quast.sourceforge.net/metaquast))
* makes a structural annotation of genes ([Prokka](https://github.com/tseemann/prokka) + [Rename_contigs_and_genes.py](https://forgemia.inra.fr/genotoul-bioinfo/metagwgs/-/blob/master/bin/Rename_contigs_and_genes.py))
* aligns reads to the contigs ([BWA](http://bio-bwa.sourceforge.net/) + [Samtools](http://www.htslib.org/))
* aligns the protein sequence of genes against a protein database ([DIAMOND](https://github.com/bbuchfink/diamond))
* makes a sample and global clustering of genes ([cd-hit-est](http://weizhongli-lab.org/cd-hit/) + [cd_hit_produce_table_clstr.py](https://forgemia.inra.fr/genotoul-bioinfo/metagwgs/-/blob/master/bin/cd_hit_produce_table_clstr.py))
* quantifies reads that align with the genes ([featureCounts](http://subread.sourceforge.net/) + [Quantification_clusters.py](https://forgemia.inra.fr/genotoul-bioinfo/metagwgs/-/blob/master/bin/Quantification_clusters.py))
* makes a functional annotation of genes and a quantification of reads by function ([eggNOG-mapper](http://eggnog-mapper.embl.de/) + [best_bitscore_diamond.py](https://forgemia.inra.fr/genotoul-bioinfo/metagwgs/-/blob/master/bin/best_bitscore_diamond.py) + [merge_abundance_and_functional_annotations.py](https://forgemia.inra.fr/genotoul-bioinfo/metagwgs/-/blob/master/bin/merge_abundance_and_functional_annotations.py) + [quantification_by_functional_annotation.py](https://forgemia.inra.fr/genotoul-bioinfo/metagwgs/-/blob/master/bin/quantification_by_functional_annotation.py))
* taxonomically affiliates the genes ([Samtools](http://www.htslib.org/) + [aln2taxaffi.py](https://forgemia.inra.fr/genotoul-bioinfo/metagwgs/-/blob/master/bin/aln2taxaffi.py))
* taxonomically affiliates the contigs ([Samtools](http://www.htslib.org/) + [aln2taxaffi.py](https://forgemia.inra.fr/genotoul-bioinfo/metagwgs/-/blob/master/bin/aln2taxaffi.py))
* counts the number of reads and contigs, for each taxonomic affiliation, per taxonomic level ([Samtools](http://www.htslib.org/) + [merge_contig_quantif_perlineage.py](https://forgemia.inra.fr/genotoul-bioinfo/metagwgs/-/blob/master/bin/merge_contig_quantif_perlineage.py) + [quantification_by_contig_lineage.py](https://forgemia.inra.fr/genotoul-bioinfo/metagwgs/-/blob/master/bin/quantification_by_contig_lineage.py))
* `08_binning` from [nf-core/mag 1.0.0](https://github.com/nf-core/mag/releases/tag/1.0.0)
* makes binning of contigs ([MetaBAT2](https://bitbucket.org/berkeleylab/metabat/src/master/))
* assesses bins ([BUSCO](https://busco.ezlab.org/) + [metaQUAST](http://quast.sourceforge.net/metaquast) + [summary_busco.py](https://forgemia.inra.fr/genotoul-bioinfo/metagwgs/-/blob/master/bin/summary_busco.py) and [combine_tables.py](https://forgemia.inra.fr/genotoul-bioinfo/metagwgs/-/blob/master/bin/combine_tables.py) from [nf-core/mag](https://github.com/nf-core/mag))
* taxonomically affiliates the bins ([BAT](https://github.com/dutilh/CAT))
A report html file is generated at the end of the workflow with [MultiQC](https://multiqc.info/).
The pipeline is built using [Nextflow,](https://www.nextflow.io/docs/latest/index.html#) a bioinformatics workflow tool to run tasks across multiple compute infrastructures in a very portable manner.
Three [Singularity](https://sylabs.io/docs/) containers are available making installation trivial and results highly reproducible.
metagWGS documentation is available [here](https://forgemia.inra.fr/genotoul-bioinfo/metagwgs/-/tree/master/docs).
## License
metagWGS is distributed under the GNU General Public License v3.
## Copyright
2021 INRAE
## Funded by
Anti-Selfish (Labex ECOFECT – N° 00002455-CT15000562)
France Génomique National Infrastructure (funded as part of Investissement d’avenir program managed by Agence Nationale de la Recherche, contract ANR-10-INBS-09)
With participation of SeqOccIn members financed by FEDER-FSE MIDI-PYRENEES ET GARONNE 2014-2020.
## Citation
metagWGS has been presented at JOBIM 2020:
Poster "Whole metagenome analysis with metagWGS", J. Fourquet, C. Noirot, C. Klopp, P. Pinton, S. Combes, C. Hoede, G. Pascal.
https://www.sfbi.fr/sites/sfbi.fr/files/jobim/jobim2020/posters/compressed/jobim2020_poster_9.pdf
metagWGS has been presented at JOBIM 2019 and at Genotoul Biostat Bioinfo day:
Poster "Whole metagenome analysis with metagWGS", J. Fourquet, A. Chaubet, H. Chiapello, C. Gaspin, M. Haenni, C. Klopp, A. Lupo, J. Mainguy, C. Noirot, T. Rochegue, M. Zytnicki, T. Ferry, C. Hoede.